Jack Reed Sr.

Jack Reed Sr.

"I think we all have a responsibility that we do what we think is right, and I thought if I wasn’t going to say it, who was?" Tupelo businessman Jack Reed Sr. was president-elect of the Mississippi Economic Council in 1963. On January 22, he spoke before hundreds of business leaders and legislators in Jackson—only a few months after the integration of the University of Mississippi. Tensions ran high, with state leaders pledging to close all public schools. In the landmark speech, Reed condemned the violence and made the case for education and academic freedom.

Dr. James Anderson

Dr. James Anderson

James Anderson provided care for wounded Freedom Riders in 1961 and for other SNCC demonstrators who were refused treatment in segregated hospitals in Jackson. After serving in the Air Force, Anderson completed his medical degree at Meharry Medical College and returned home to Jackson where he was a front line organizer for the Council of Racial Equality (CORE). In 1970, as part of his mission to provide quality healthcare to African Americans in Jackson, he cofounded the Jackson-Hinds Comprehensive Health Care Center along with Dr. Aaron Shirley.

Eudora Welty

Eudora Welty

Immediately upon learning of the assassination of Medgar Evers, Eudora Welty responded with a powerful story—its title asked, “Where Is the Voice Coming From?” The Jackson native had worked as a WPA junior publicity agent during the Depression, and while traveling for the WPA, she photographed people in her home state. Her fiction captured the culture, including the racial climate, of Natchez, the Delta, and other Mississippi locales.

Dr. James W. Silver

Dr. James W. Silver

Shocked by the riot at Ole Miss in 1962, which he witnessed, and offended by the state’s attempt to blame federal marshals, history professor James W. Silver set the record straight in Mississippi: A Closed Society. Silver condemned Citizens’ Council tactics and White supremacy. He compared the state to a totalitarian regime, where White supremacists defined the agenda and crushed opposing voices. For this efforts, Silver became, "the most hated White man in Mississippi." The Citizens’ Council campaigned to have him fired.

Father Nathaniel

Father Nathaniel

In Greenwood, Father Nathaniel Machesky offered the facilities at St. Francis of Assisi Mission to distribute supplies to aid the poor. A native of Detroit, he came to the Delta in 1950 and established the mission to aid poor Black Mississippians. When local banks refused loans to Black people, Father Nathaniel established the St. Francis Federal Credit Union. Father Nathaniel supported the Greenwood Movement but tried to remain behind the scenes to protect the mission’s efforts to aid the poor.

Brenda Travis

Brenda Travis

Burglund High School student Brenda Travis became a symbol of courage to local youths in McComb. At age 15, Travis spent weeks canvassing neighbors for voter registration. She lied about her age to join the Greyhound terminal sit-in. Fresh out of jail, she then led the student walkout that landed her back in jail. Travis was expelled and sentence to the Oakley Reformatory School. At Oakley, Travis corresponded with Aurelia Young and other Movement veterans. In 2006, Burglund High gave honorary degrees to those who had been expelled.

Ella Baker

Ella Baker

Veteran community organizer Ella Baker guided the evolution of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) at Shaw University in April 1960. Baker encouraged the students to look beyond “hamburger” politics of lunch counter sit-ins. She challenged them to connect people’s personal troubles to larger social issues and to reach out to women and youth. Baker helped SNCC flourish by mentoring Bob Moses, Diane Nash, Julian Bond, and other student leaders. She emphasized personal connections and encouraged SNCC to build on the talents of local people.

Rabbi Perry Nussbaum

Rabbi Perry Nussbaum

A Toronto native, Rabbi Perry Nussbaum came to Jackson’s Beth Israel Congregation in 1954. He spoke out against segregation in his sermons, despite a congregation that largely remained silent. In 1961, Nussbaum was moved by the sacrifice of the young Freedom Riders, if not entirely in favor of their methods. Since about a third of the Riders were Jewish, he tried to organize the state’s rabbis to visit them at Parchman, but none agreed.

Womanpower Unlimited

Womanpower Unlimited

Clarie Collins Harvey founded Womanpower Unlimited to help the Freedom Riders and their families. At a time when it was unpopular and even risky, Harvey teamed with Jesse Mosley, Aurelia Young, A.M.E. Logan, and other Jackson women and appealed to local churches for help. Womanpower sent the jailed Freedom Riders food, clothing, bedding, books, and magazines. They sent news to their families and hosted Freedom Riders when they got out. Womanpower grew into an interracial network of some 300 women.

Hazel Brannon Smith

Hazel Brannon Smith

Hazel Brannon Smith earned a Pulitzer Prize for her reporting on race as editor/owner of the Lexington Advertiser. Smith wrote that all races "should have the same protection of the laws and courts." She condemned the Citizens’ Council "Gestapo" tactics. The Holmes County Citizens’ Council boycotted her paper and pressured the local hospital to fire her husband. In 1960, local teens burned a cross on her lawn. In 1961, she criticized the police attack on Tougaloo Nine supporters. She hosted Movement activists and printed their materials.

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